What blood group system is affected by Donath-Landsteiner antibody?

The Donath-Landsteiner autoantibody is a type of IgG antibody; its target is the P blood group antigen, present on the red cells of almost all individuals.

Which antibody is associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria PCH?

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is an acquired hemolytic anemia caused by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that sensitize red blood cells (RBCs) at cold temperatures by fixing complement to the RBCs causing intravascular hemolysis on rewarming.

What is the principle of the Donath-Landsteiner test?

The Donath-Landsteiner (DL) test is a serologic test used to detect the presence of a biphasic hemolysin. This autoantibody is seen in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. The test relies on the characteristic cold binding of an IgG autoantibody with specificity to the P blood group antigen.

What form of hemolytic anemia is the Donath-Landsteiner test used to detect?

Abstract. Donath-Landsteiner (DL) antibodies are immunoglobulins formed in response to a viral, bacterial, or spirochete infection and are capable of inducing Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH), an autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

What characterizes the Donath-Landsteiner antibody?

The Donath-Landsteiner test is a blood test to detect harmful antibodies related to a rare disorder called paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. These antibodies form and destroy red blood cells when the body is exposed to cold temperatures.

Can syphilis cause hemolytic anemia?

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia historically associated with syphilis that is caused by the Donath-Landsteiner antibody (D-L antibody). PCH can also occur after febrile illnesses in the pediatric population.

What characterizes the Donath Landsteiner antibody?

What are the symptoms of PCH?

Symptoms

• Chills.
• Fever.
• Back pain.
• Leg pain.
• Abdominal pain.
• Headache.
• General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise)
• Blood in the urine (red urine)

Is hemolytic anemia an autoimmune disease?

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare red blood cell disorder and an immune disorder. It happens when the body produces antibodies that destroy the red blood cells. Hemolytic anemia develops when there are not enough red blood cells because the body destroys them sooner than it should.

What is Evans syndrome?

Evans syndrome is a rare disorder in which the body’s immune system produces antibodies that mistakenly destroy red blood cells, platelets and sometimes certain white blood cell known as neutrophils. This leads to abnormally low levels of these blood cells in the body (cytopenia).

What is warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAHA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the premature destruction of healthy red blood cells (hemolysis). Autoimmune diseases occur when one’s own immune system attacks healthy tissue.

What is the process involved in PCH?

PCH only occurs in the cold, and affects mainly the hands and feet. Antibodies attach (bind) to red blood cells. This allows other proteins in the blood (called complement) to also latch on. The antibodies destroy the red blood cells as they move through the body.

How does the Donath Landsteiner blood test work?

This autoantibody is seen in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. The test relies on the characteristic cold binding of an IgG autoantibody with specificity to the P blood group antigen. This autoantibody causes complement-mediated red blood cell (RBC) lysis when warmed to body temperature.

Why is the Donath Landsteiner antibody called a biphasic antibody?

Donath Landsteiner Antibody. It is also referred to as a biphasic cold hemolysin, because it binds to red blood cells only at cold temperatures and causes complement mediated hemolysis only after warming to body temperature. The autoantibody often has specificity for the P blood group antigen.

What kind of anemia does Donath Landsteiner cause?

Donath-Landsteiner (DL) antibodies are immunoglobulins formed in response to a viral, bacterial, or spirochete infection and are capable of inducing Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH), an autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Which is autoantibody causes Donath Landsteiner cold syndrome?

Donath Landsteiner Antibody. The autoantibody that causes this syndrome is called the Donath Landsteiner antibody. It is also referred to as a biphasic cold hemolysin, because it binds to red blood cells only at cold temperatures and causes complement mediated hemolysis only after warming to body temperature.