What does NF-kB pathway do?

NF-κB is a major transcription factor that regulates genes responsible for both the innate and adaptive immune response. Upon activation of either the T- or B-cell receptor, NF-κB becomes activated through distinct signaling components.

What genes does NF-kB regulate?

NF-κB is a key transcription factor of M1 macrophages and is required for induction of a large number of inflammatory genes, including those encoding TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and cyclooxygenase-2.

What does NF-kB mean?

NF-kB (which stands for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, which is why we use NF-kB) is a protein complex that has a lot of roles to play. It’s an important starting player in the immune system, where it helps to stimulate antibodies.

Is NF Kappab transcription factor?

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that is involved in inflammatory and immune responses, as well as in regulation of expression of many other genes related to cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.

How is NF-kB regulated?

It is regulated through phosphorylation of p100 by the IKKα subunit of the IKK complex, which results in ubiquitination and subsequent partial degradation of p100 by the proteasome, releasing transcriptionally active p50/RelB complexes (Senftleben et al.

How is NF-kB activation measured?

Another common method to measure NF-κB activity at the transcriptional activation level is to use a gene reporter assay, which introduces an exogenous NF-κB consensus promoter sequence linked to a measurable ‘reporter gene’ such as luciferase (18).

How do you reduce NF kB?

Antioxidants such as PDTC40 and NAC41 have shown a potential to inhibit NF-κB activation either by exogeneous induction (e.g. LPS, TNFα) or hydrogen peroxide treatment. Antioxidants are likely to inhibit NF-κB by scavenging reactive oxygen intermediates involved in the NF-κB pathway42.

How do you find NF kB?

How does NF-kB cause apoptosis?

39 In addition, NF-kB has been shown to play a role in apoptosis mediated by engagement of PPARa and PPARg in both TNFa stimulated and in unstimulated differentiated macrophages. 40 NF-kB has also been found to protect ras transformed tumor cells from apoptosis induced by chemotherapy.

How do you measure NF kB activation?

Does Nfkb cause apoptosis?

Recently NF-kB has been shown to have both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic functions. In T cell hybridomas, both T cell activators and glucocorticoids induce apoptosis. Here we show that blockade of NF-kB activity, using a dominant negative IkBa, has opposite effects on these two apoptotic signals.