What is the pathogenesis of T1D?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the autoimmune destruction of β cells of the endocrine pancreas. Pathogenesis of T1DM is different from that of type 2 diabetes mellitus, where both insulin resistance and reduced secretion of insulin by the β cells play a synergistic role.

What causes type1 diabetes journal?

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease caused by immune-mediated destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas[1]. The destruction of beta cells results in insulin insufficiency, and patients develop life-threatening hyperglycemia that clinically manifests with weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia.

What is the pathophysiology of diabetes?

The pathophysiology of diabetes involves plasm concentrations of glucose signaling the central nervous system to mobilize energy reserves. It is based on cerebral blood flow and tissue integrity, arterial plasma glucose, the speed that plasma glucose concentrations fall, and other available metabolic fuels.

What is diabetes type 1b?

Type 1b or idiopathic diabetes: an unusual form of phenotypic type 1 diabetes with almost complete insulin deficiency, a strong hereditary component, and no evidence of autoimmunity. Reported mainly in Africa and Asia.

Who is most at risk for type 1 diabetes?

In the United States, Caucasians seem to be more susceptible to type 1 than African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans. Chinese people have a lower risk of developing type 1, as do people in South America. Geography: It seems that people who live in northern climates are at a higher risk for developing type 1 diabetes.

What is the physiology of type 1 DM?

Type 1 DM is the culmination of lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. As beta-cell mass declines, insulin secretion decreases until the available insulin no longer is adequate to maintain normal blood glucose levels.

Can type 1 diabetics live a long life?

While the lifespan of people with type 1 diabetes has increased progressively since the advent of insulin therapy, these patients still experience premature mortality, primarily from cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, a subgroup of those with type 1 diabetes survives well into old age without significant morbidity.

What is the lifespan of a type 1 diabetes?

The investigators found that men with type 1 diabetes had an average life expectancy of about 66 years, compared with 77 years among men without it. Women with type 1 diabetes had an average life expectancy of about 68 years, compared with 81 years for those without the disease, the study found.

What is the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease where beta cell destruction may occur over a number of years before clinical diabetes is diagnosed. Type 2 diabetes is the result of an interplay of relative insulin deficiency or a defect in insulin release together with insulin resistance.

Can you get type 1 diabetes at any age?

Type 1 diabetes (previously called insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes) is usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, but it can develop at any age. Type 1 diabetes is less common than type 2—approximately 5-10% of people with diabetes have type 1.