What is TNM staging of oral cancer?

Staging looks at the size and depth of the cancer (tumour) and whether it has spread anywhere else in the body. There are different staging systems doctors can use for mouth cancer. The TNM staging system is one of these. TNM stands for Tumour, Node, Metastasis.

What is the TNM system for the staging of cancer?

A system to describe the amount and spread of cancer in a patient’s body, using TNM. T describes the size of the tumor and any spread of cancer into nearby tissue; N describes spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes; and M describes metastasis (spread of cancer to other parts of the body).

What is TNM 8?

The 8th edition of TNM lung cancer staging modified the T classification based on 1 cm increment of tumor size, and other reclassification of certain features, including downstage of T descriptor of endobronchial tumor disregarding its distance from carina (T2), merging total and partial atelectasis/pneumonitis into …

What is Tx in TNM staging?

TX: Main tumor cannot be measured. T0: Main tumor cannot be found. T1, T2, T3, T4: Refers to the size and/or extent of the main tumor. The higher the number after the T, the larger the tumor or the more it has grown into nearby tissues.

What does N1 mean in cancer staging?

N1: The cancer has spread to 1 to 3 axillary lymph nodes and/or the internal mammary lymph nodes. If the cancer in the lymph node is larger than 0.2 mm but 2 mm or smaller, it is called “micrometastatic” (N1mi). N2: The cancer has spread to 4 to 9 axillary lymph nodes.

What do the letters mean in cancer staging?

In the TNM system, the overall stage is determined after the cancer is assigned a letter or number to describe the tumor (T), node (N), and metastasis (M) categories. T describes the original (primary) tumor. N tells whether the cancer has spread to the nearby lymph nodes.

What is the definition of carcinoma in situ?

Also called stage 0 disease. Enlarge. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a group of abnormal cells that are found only in the place where they first formed in the body (see left panel). These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread to nearby normal tissue (see right panel).

What does YP mean in staging?

y: clinical (yc) or pathological (yp) data following systemic or radiation therapy be it prior to surgery or as a primary treatment. r: clinical or pathological staging at the time of retreatment or recurrence for disease progression. a: for cancers discovered at autopsy (e.g. aT1)