What type of cancer causes tumor lysis syndrome?

Tumor lysis syndrome occurs most often in patients with acute leukemia with high white blood cell (WBC) counts and in those with high-grade lymphomas in response to aggressive treatment.

What are the signs and symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome?

Symptoms of TLS include:

• nausea.
• vomiting.
• diarrhea.
• muscle cramps or twitches.
• weakness.
• numbness or tingling.
• fatigue.
• decreased urination.

Is tumor lysis syndrome fatal?

The syndrome characterized by these metabolic derangements is known as tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). TLS can cause life-threatening conditions and even death unless appropriately and immediately treated.

How do you treat TLS?

In general, treatment of TLS consists of intensive hydration, stimulation of diuresis, and, more specifically, in the use of allopurinol and rasburicase.

What cancer is high risk for tumor lysis syndrome?

Patients with a large “tumor burden” of cancer cells and/or tumors that typically have rapidly dividing cells, such as acute leukemia or high-grade lymphoma, as well as tumors that are highly responsive to therapy, are at greatest risk of developing TLS.

Can you survive tumor lysis syndrome?

Prognosis in tumor lysis syndrome depends on the underlying malignancy characteristics. In patients with a hematologic malignancy, the mortality rate for tumor lysis syndrome is approximately 15%. The reported mortality of tumor lysis syndrome in patients with solid malignancies is reported at 36%.

How does tumor lysis syndrome occur?

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a condition that occurs when a large number of cancer cells die within a short period, releasing their contents in to the blood.

Is tumor lysis syndrome an emergency?

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is the most common oncologic emergency. It is caused by rapid tumor cell destruction and the resulting nucleic acid degradation during or days after initiation of cytotoxic therapy.

What is prevention of tumor lysis syndrome?

The mainstays of preventive care are hydration and allopurinol and recombinant urate oxidase (rasburicase). Alkalinization of the urine, once a common treatment for TLS, is no longer routinely recommended.

What happens with tumor lysis syndrome?

The tumor lysis syndrome occurs when tumor cells release their contents into the bloodstream, either spontaneously or in response to therapy, leading to the characteristic findings of hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.

Who is at risk of tumor lysis syndrome?

Why is tumor lysis syndrome an emergency?

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency due to massive tumor cell lysis, characterized by metabolic abnormalities that can lead to renal failure, seizures, and dysrhythmia.