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How does protein synthesis occur GCSE?

How does protein synthesis occur GCSE?

Each protein molecule has hundreds, or even thousands, of amino acids joined together in a unique sequence. It is then folded into the correct unique shape. Cells express their genes by converting the genetic message into protein. This process of protein synthesis occurs in two stages – transcription and translation.

What are the stages of protein synthesis GCSE?

Protein synthesis consists of two stages – transcription and translation. In transcription the DNA code is read, and in translation the code is used to build up protein molecules. DNA is a triplet code. Each triplet, a group of three bases, codes for a specific amino acid.

How do genes code for proteins GCSE?

Each gene leads to a set of instructions to create a specific protein. These proteins are vital as it controls many aspects of the cell. The bases must group together in triplets in order for genes to code for proteins. Each of these triplets of bases codes for a specific type of amino acid.

How do you explain protein synthesis?

Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes. It generally includes transcription, translation, and post-translational events, such as protein folding, modifications, and proteolysis.

Which substance is needed for protein synthesis?

ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA and another form of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid (RNA) are essential. RNA is the nucleic acid that carries instructions from the nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm, where protein is synthesized.

How proteins are made step by step?

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

How is a protein made step by step?

What is the correct order to make a protein?

During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to make a protein. These two processes are summed up by the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein.

What are the 5 steps of protein synthesis?

Terms in this set (5)

  • Unzipping. – DNA double helix unwinds to expose a sequence of nitrogenous bases.
  • Transcription. A copy of one of the DNA strand is made.
  • Translation (Initiation) mRNA couples w/ ribosome & tRNA brings free amino acids to ribosomes.
  • Elongation. – Anticodon of tRNA recognizes codon on mRNA.
  • Termination.

How are genes expressed in the synthesis of proteins?

Each of these proteins needs a different shape. Cells express their genes by converting the genetic message into protein. This process of protein synthesis occurs in two stages – transcription and translation. When a gene is to be expressed, the base sequence of DNA is copied or transcribed into mRNA (messenger RNA).

How does the structure of DNA affect protein synthesis?

DNA structure determines the protein synthesised. If this changes a different protein will be made. A copy of the DNA is made, but is now mRNA. The copy moves to the ribosome into to the cytoplasm. Amino acids are connected together in a specific order at the ribosome (see diagram) to create a specific protein molecule.

How are enzymes used to speed up protein synthesis?

Proteins like enzymes and hormones are made during protein synthesis. Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions. Protein synthesis consists of two stages – transcription and translation. In transcription the DNA code is read, and in translation the code is used to build up protein molecules.

How are carrier molecules used in protein synthesis?

Carrier molecules bring specific amino acids to add to the growing protein in the correct order. There are only about 20 different naturally-occurring amino acids. Amino acids are connected together in a specific order at the ribosome (see diagram) to create a specific protein molecule.