What is PV Leukocidin?

To the Editor: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis (1).

How does Leukocidin act as a virulence factor?

aureus infection. Because it can be found in virtually all CA-MRSA strains that cause soft-tissue infections, it was long described as a key virulence factor, allowing the bacteria to target and kill specific white blood cells known as neutrophils.

Does E coli produce Leukocidin?

Pore formation After this is done, they oligomerize, creating ring-shaped heptamer complexes. Hemolysins can be secreted by many different kinds of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli or Vibrio parahemolyticus among other pathogens.

What do Leukocidins damage?

One of the cardinal features of S. aureus is its ability to secrete several cytolytic toxins (hemolysins, leukocidins—see Table 3.4) that damage the membranes of host cells. They contribute to the development of abscesses with pus formation by direct killing of neutrophils.

What is the function of Staphylokinase?

Staphylokinase (Sak), a protein secreted by many S. aureus strains [6], activates human plasminogen (h-plg) into plasmin [7]. Plasmin in turn digests fibrin clots and many components of extracellular matrix and basal membranes [8] and activates latent matrix metalloproteinases, leading to extensive proteolysis [8].

What causes Panton-Valentine leukocidin?

The Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming toxin secreted by strains epidemiologically associated with the current outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and with the often-lethal necrotizing pneumonia.

What is the role of leukocidin?

A leukocidin is a type of cytotoxin created by some types of bacteria (Staphylococcus). Leukocidins target phagocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes and therefore targets both, innate and adaptive immune responses. Leukocidins fall into the category of bacterial invasin.

Is leukocidin a toxin?

These zoonotic strains are likely to encode bi-component leukocidins in their genomes that enable them to target and kill neutrophils from different species. For example, leukocidin MF′ (LukMF′) is a toxin that was found in S. aureus isolates from bovine infections39,119.

Is Leukocidin a toxin?

How do Exotoxins work?

An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. They are highly potent and can cause major damage to the host. Exotoxins may be secreted, or, similar to endotoxins, may be released during lysis of the cell.

What is the role of Leukocidin?

What kind of toxin is a leukocidin?

A leukocidin is a type of cytotoxin created by some types of bacteria (Staphylococcus). It is a type of pore forming toxin.

How does leukocidin affect the host immune system?

Some toxins target a variety of host cells including erythrocytes, where the release of hemoglobin can provide a source of iron in the iron-restricted environment of the host. The leucocidins have a high affinity for neutrophils and thus compromise innate immune responses.

How is leukocidin related to Staphylococcus aureus?

V. cholerae cytolysin (VCC) is a pore-forming toxin that is structurally related to α-toxin and leukocidin F from Staphylococcus aureus. 52 While the S. aureus toxins are known to be heptamers, there is contradictory evidence regarding VCC.

What is the purpose of Panton Valentine leukocidin?

Panton Valentine Leukocidin. Panton-Valentine leukocidin is a toxin that creates lytic pores in the cell membranes of neutrophils and induces the release of neutrophil factors that promote inflammation and tissue destruction.

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