What kind of MI causes papillary muscle rupture?

The most common cause of papillary muscle rupture is secondary to myocardial infarction. This usually occurs 2 to 7 days post-ischemic event. Rupture occurs more commonly with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions but also occurs less frequently with non-ST segment elevation infarctions.

What is the heart wall that covers papillary muscle?

The attachment of the papillary muscles to the lateral wall of the left ventricle makes the ventricular wall also an integral part of the mitral valve complex.

What happens when a heart valve ruptures?

Rupture leads to acute mitral valve regurgitation, pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock. Survival is dependent on prompt recognition and surgical intervention.

What role do papillary muscles play in the heart?

Background— The papillary muscles (PMs) play an important role in normal cardiac function, helping to prevent leakage through the AV valves during systole. The nature of their attachment to the heart wall can affect the understanding of their function.

Why do papillary muscles rupture after MI?

Papillary muscle rupture has been reported in about 1% of patients following acute myocardial infarction, and is most common in the setting of inferior wall infarct due to the occlusion of either RCA or left circumflex artery2).

What happens when papillary muscle rupture?

Papillary muscle rupture is a rare and potentially fatal complication often following a myocardial infarction or secondary to infective endocarditis. Acute rupture frequently results in severe mitral valve regurgitation and subsequent acute life-threatening cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema.

What causes a heart to rupture?

The most common cause of myocardial rupture is a recent myocardial infarction, with the rupture typically occurring three to five days after infarction. Other causes of rupture include cardiac trauma, endocarditis (infection of the heart), cardiac tumors, infiltrative diseases of the heart, and aortic dissection.

What is the result of contractions of the papillary muscles?

The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).

Are papillary muscles cardiac muscle?

The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart….

What happens when a papillary muscle rupture?

What is the most common cause of death in patients following a myocardial infarction?

After arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock, the commonest cause of death after acute MI is rupture. Cardiac rupture complicates 10 per cent of acute MIs and occurs in the healing stages at around five to nine days.

Can a papillary muscle rupture cause acute myocardial infarction?

Acute mitral regurgitation can be precipitated by acute myocardial infarction due to rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle. Rupture of a papillary muscle is an uncommon but often fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction (MI) which is responsible for approximately 5% of death after MI [ 1 ].

How often does a papillary muscle rupture in mi?

Rupture of a papillary muscle is an uncommon but often fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction (MI) which is responsible for approximately 5% of death after MI [1].

Can a pulmonary edema cause a papillary muscle rupture?

Sudden unexplained hypotension or pulmonary edema in patients experiencing their first inferior AMI should raise the possibility of papillary muscle rupture, even in the absence of a murmur.

What are three catastrophic mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction?

There are three catastrophic mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction. These include left ventricular free wall rupture, rupture of the interventricular septum, and papillary muscle rupture.