What material is used for apexification?

Traditionally, calcium hydroxide is the material of choice to induce apexification. Due to certain drawbacks such as prolonged treatment duration and unpredictable apical barrier formation, it is being replaced by materials, which have a more predictable outcome like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

How do you use apexification in MTA?

MTA offers the option of a two-visit apexification procedure so that the fragile tooth can be restored immediately. However, difficulty in placing the material in the wide apical area requires the use of an apical matrix. Materials such as collagen, calcium sulfate, and hydroxyapatite have been used for this purpose.

What is the difference between MTA and calcium hydroxide?

MTA provided better long term results more effective than Calcium Hydroxide in maintaining long-term vitality. MTA is less toxic, less pulpal inflammation capping compared to Calcium Hydroxide. MTA superior and in dentinogenic process and more predictable hard tissue barrier formation.

What is the difference between Apexogenesis and apexification?

Apexification is a method of inducing a calcified barrier at the apex of a nonvital tooth with incomplete root formation. Apexogenesis refers to a vital pulp therapy procedure performed to encourage physiological development and formation of the root end.

When do we use apexification?

Apexification is most often performed in incisors that lost vitality because of traumatic injury, after carious exposures, and in teeth with anatomic variations such as dens invaginatus with an immature root.

What is MTA plug?

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug method is an alternative treatment option for open apices, and has gained popularity in the recent times. In this case report, we have attempted to present successful treatment of three maxillary incisors with open apices and periapical lesions with MTA.

Is Biodentine MTA?

Background: Biodentine is comparatively a new biomaterial claimed to have properties comparable to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Biodentine and MTA are effectively used for direct pulp capping (DPC), and they are capable of regenerating relatively damaged pulp and formation of hard dentine bridge.

Why do we use calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping?

Calcium hydroxide cements are used for lining specific areas of deep cavities or for direct pulp capping. The antibacterial action of calcium hydroxide makes these cements useful in indirect pulp-capping procedures involving carious dentin. Fillers such as calcium tungstate or barium sulfate provide radiopacity.

Why does calcium hydroxide causes internal resorption in primary teeth?

According to Ravi et al., calcium hydroxide-induced resorption in deciduous teeth may be attributed to: (1) inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to transformation of pre-odontoclasts to odontoclasts (2) preexisting progenitor cells with a tendency to transform into odontoclasts, and loss of protective layer of …

Is MTA used in Apexogenesis?

Apexogenesis is defined as a vital pulp therapy of an immature tooth that permits continued root formation and apical closure. In the past, there have been 2 major agents used over the years to achieve apexogenesis. One is calcium hydroxide USP (CaOH) and the other is called mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Are there any studies comparing calcium hydroxide and MTA?

Few high-quality studies have directly compared the outcomes of calcium hydroxide and MTA for apexification, and thus there is no consensus as to which may be associated with superior outcomes.

When to use calcium hydroxide for apexification?

Initial formation of the mineralized apical barrier was observed after 3 months, and the barrier was considered to be completed after 8 months. Clinical, radiographic, and CBCT examinations after 16 years verified the success of the treatment, although the choice of calcium hydroxide for apexification treatment is discussed. 1. Introduction

When to use calcium hydroxide and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate?

Calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are used for inducing a calcific barrier at an open tooth root (apexification). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of calcium hydroxide and MTA for apexification of immature permanent teeth.

How to write ” calcium hydroxlde + phosphoric acid?

How do you write “calcium hydroxlde + phosphoric acid yield calcium phosphate + water”? but it still needs to be balanced. To balance this, you just have to ensure that there is an equal amount of elements in both the reactant and product side.