Who proposed multiple trace theory?

Nadel L, Samsonovich A, Ryan L, Moscovitch M. Multiple trace theory of human memory: computational, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological results. Hippocampus 10: 352-368.

What were the two competing theories about the neural representation of new memories?

The two dominant and competing accounts have been the Standard Model of Systems Consolidation (SMSC) and Multiple Trace Theory (MTT), which specifically make opposing predictions as to the necessity of the hippocampus for retrieval of remote memories.

What predictions does MTT make about the memory performance of someone with hippocampal damage?

The temporal gradient observed in some studies of semantic memory is consistent with MTT and SMC in that they both suggest that hippocampal involvement in retention and retrieval of semantic memory diminishes with time.

How do the standard consolidation model and multiple trace theory differ from each other?

Multiple trace theory MTT argues that the hippocampus is always involved in the retrieval and storage of episodic memories. An important distinction between MTT and the standard model is that the standard model proposes that all memories become independent of the hippocampus after several years.

What is trace theory in grammar?

Trace theory is theory about traces left by movement. This theory assumes that if an element X has been moved in the course of a derivation, it has left a trace in its original position.

What does multiple trace theory suggest?

Multiple trace theory states that every item ever encoded, from birth to death, will exist in this matrix as multiple traces. This is done by giving every possible attribute some numerical value to classify it as it is encoded, so each encoded memory will have a unique set of numerical attributes.

How does the hippocampus encode memory?

The hippocampus participates in the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories. The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe (subcortical), and is an infolding of the medial temporal cortex. After encoding, the hippocampus is capable of going through the retrieval process.

How are episodic memory formed?

Episodic memories are formed when the hippocampus integrates information about a specific event (what happened) with the context in which it occurred (e.g., where and/or when it happened).

Is memory reconsolidation real?

Memory reconsolidation is the brain’s natural, neural process that can produce transformational change: the full, permanent elimination of an acquired behavior or emotional response.

What is trace in memory?

: a transient or long-term change in the brain that represents something (such as an experience) encoded as a memory : engram.

What is the multiple trace model?

Multiple trace theory is a memory consolidation model advanced as an alternative model to strength theory. It posits that each time some information is presented to a person, it is neurally encoded in a unique memory trace composed of a combination of its attributes.

What is the standard model of memory?

The earliest, known as the standard model, proposes that short-term memories are initially formed and stored in the hippocampus only, before being gradually transferred to long-term storage in the neocortex and disappearing from the hippocampus.